What distinguishes fixed-rate mortgages from adjustable-rate mortgages?

Fixed-rate mortgages are characterized by a consistent interest rate that remains unchanged throughout the life of the loan. This stability allows borrowers to predict their monthly payments over the duration of the loan, making budgeting easier and providing a safeguard against rising interest rates. In contrast, adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) have interest rates that can fluctuate at specified intervals, often starting with a lower initial rate that may increase or decrease based on broader market conditions, thereby introducing uncertainty in payment amounts over time.

The distinction is crucial for borrowers to consider when selecting a mortgage type, as it affects overall financial planning and risk exposure. For instance, if interest rates rise significantly after the initial fixed period of an ARM, borrowers may face higher payments than they would under a fixed-rate mortgage, where the payment remains stable.

Understanding this core difference helps borrowers make informed decisions based on their financial situation and risk tolerance.