Which of the following plays a critical role in the natural regeneration of forests?

Utilizing seeds or sprouts is essential for the natural regeneration of forests because this process involves the propagation of plant species through their seeds or vegetative parts. Seeds are the primary means by which many tree species reproduce, allowing them to establish new individuals and expand the forest ecosystem. When seeds are dispersed naturally, they can germinate in suitable conditions, resulting in the growth of new plants that contribute to the forest's biodiversity and stability.

In addition to facilitating the continuity of the forest ecosystem, seeds and sprouts support genetic diversity among plant populations, which is crucial for adapting to changing environmental conditions. This natural regeneration occurs without the need for human intervention, making it a sustainable method of forest recovery and growth over time.

While other methods mentioned can have benefits in certain contexts, they do not play as fundamental a role in the natural regeneration process. For instance, planting mature trees may help restore an area but does not replace the ongoing natural processes of seed dispersal and germination. Using fertilizers can enhance growth but does not contribute to the fundamental aspect of regeneration, which relies on natural seed distribution. Relying exclusively on wildlife may support regeneration but does not encompass the entire mechanism of how forests naturally renew themselves through seeds and sprouts.